The proximate and ultimate mechanisms of animal behavior are analyzed using comparative animal examples from the scientific literature. Proximate mechanisms include genetic and physiological processes. Ultimate mechanisms include the role of natural and sexual selection in the evolution of behavior. Prereq: One year of general biology with a grade of “C” (2.0) or higher. Genetics and human physiology are recommended. Graduate standing or permission of the instructor. Cross-listed with BIOL 4250. Semester Hours: 3 to 3